In 1911, Ernest Rutherford revolutionized atomic theory with the discovery of the atomic nucleus. Through his gold foil experiment, Rutherford demonstrated that atoms consist of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. This finding debunked the prevailing plum pudding model, revealing that most of an atom’s mass is concentrated in its nucleus, with the electrons occupying the surrounding space. Rutherford’s groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for modern nuclear physics, enhancing our understanding of atomic structure and leading to significant advancements in science and technology.
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